Viagra is a medicine designed to treat impotence and erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction, or ED, means that a man either cannot achieve or cannot maintain an erection long enough for sex to occur, which is what happens when there is not enough blood flowing to the penis.

When a man is sexually aroused, then generally the brain sends impulses to the arteries in the man’s penis, telling them to open wider. These impulses are guided by a chemical called cyclic GMP. If that message goes through all right, then more blood flows into the penis, causing it to get larger and harder – which, of course, is an erection. In men with ED, the message does not get through, which prevents an erection.

Viagra works because it increases the levels of cyclic GMP in a man’s body – and ultimately in his penis. To do so, it prevents an enzyme, which is a protein that is being involved in a biochemical reaction, called PDE5 (phosphodiesterase type 5) from destroying the GMP as quickly as it normally does. As a result, the cyclic GMP remains in the penis for a longer amount of time, so that more blood flows in and remains there.

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